59 research outputs found
Alternative futures of rural areas in the EU
In this study alternative futures of rural areas in the EU are explored. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of seven scenario studies of rural areas in the EU was conducted. Often, these scenario studies constructed a baseline scenario - derived from an extrapolation of past trends and policies - and a number of alternative scenarios with different degrees of policy intervention. The time horizon in the scenario studies varies from 2020 to 2035. By focusing on a number of main drivers and responses, we were able to distinguish six distinct alternative futures of rural areas in the EU
Alternative futures of rural areas in the EU; A comparative analysis of scenaria studies
What does rural Europe look like in 2030? Is agriculture still the main land user? In recent years, studies such as ESPON, Eururalis, SCENAR2020, SENSOR, SEAMLESS and PRELUDE have tried to address these questions. These studies resulted in a number of alternative futures of rural areas in the EU. In this paper a comparative analysis of these scenario studies is made in order to explore differences and similarities in the scenarios and alternative futures of rural areas in the EU. For this purpose, we designed a scheme for assessing the properties of the various scenarios and a scheme for a systematic description of the rural futures according to the scenarios. It appears that most scenario studies use a baseline scenario and a set of alternative scenarios with different degrees of policy regulation. Agriculture will continue to be a main land user in 2030, although some land abandonment will take place
Constraining models of the large scale Galactic magnetic field with WMAP5 polarization data and extragalactic Rotation Measure sources
We introduce a method to quantify the quality-of-fit between data and
observables depending on the large scale Galactic magnetic field. We combine
WMAP5 polarized synchrotron data and Rotation Measures of extragalactic sources
in a joint analysis to obtain best fit parameters and confidence levels for GMF
models common in the literature. None of the existing models provide a good fit
in both the disk and halo regions, and in many instances best-fit parameters
are quite different than the original values. We note that probing a very large
parameter space is necessary to avoid false likelihood maxima. The thermal and
relativistic electron densities are critical for determining the GMF from the
observables but they are not well constrained. We show that some
characteristics of the electron densities can already be constrained using our
method and with future data it may be possible to carry out a self-consistent
analysis in which models of the GMF and electron densities are simultaneously
optimized.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP; arXiv version
updated to include minor revision
Magnetic Fields in the Milky Way
This chapter presents a review of observational studies to determine the
magnetic field in the Milky Way, both in the disk and in the halo, focused on
recent developments and on magnetic fields in the diffuse interstellar medium.
I discuss some terminology which is confusingly or inconsistently used and try
to summarize current status of our knowledge on magnetic field configurations
and strengths in the Milky Way. Although many open questions still exist, more
and more conclusions can be drawn on the large-scale and small-scale components
of the Galactic magnetic field. The chapter is concluded with a brief outlook
to observational projects in the near future.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, to appear in "Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media",
eds. E.M. de Gouveia Dal Pino and A. Lazaria
Background model systematics for the Fermi GeV excess
The possible gamma-ray excess in the inner Galaxy and the Galactic center
(GC) suggested by Fermi-LAT observations has triggered a large number of
studies. It has been interpreted as a variety of different phenomena such as a
signal from WIMP dark matter annihilation, gamma-ray emission from a population
of millisecond pulsars, or emission from cosmic rays injected in a sequence of
burst-like events or continuously at the GC. We present the first comprehensive
study of model systematics coming from the Galactic diffuse emission in the
inner part of our Galaxy and their impact on the inferred properties of the
excess emission at Galactic latitudes and 300 MeV to 500
GeV. We study both theoretical and empirical model systematics, which we deduce
from a large range of Galactic diffuse emission models and a principal
component analysis of residuals in numerous test regions along the Galactic
plane. We show that the hypothesis of an extended spherical excess emission
with a uniform energy spectrum is compatible with the Fermi-LAT data in our
region of interest at CL. Assuming that this excess is the extended
counterpart of the one seen in the inner few degrees of the Galaxy, we derive a
lower limit of ( CL) on its extension away from the GC. We
show that, in light of the large correlated uncertainties that affect the
subtraction of the Galactic diffuse emission in the relevant regions, the
energy spectrum of the excess is equally compatible with both a simple broken
power-law of break energy GeV, and with spectra predicted by the
self-annihilation of dark matter, implying in the case of final
states a dark matter mass of GeV.Comment: 65 pages, 28 figures, 7 table
Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.
BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362
A certified plasmid reference material for the standardisation of BCR-ABL1 mRNA quantification by real-time quantitative PCR
Serial quantification of BCRâABL1 mRNA is an important therapeutic indicator in chronic myeloid leukaemia, but there is a
substantial variation in results reported by diff
Bevolkingsontwikkeling op het platteland, 1980-2025; Voorstudie
In deze studie wordt een verkenning gemaakt van de bevolkingsontwikkeling 2008-2025 in plattelandsgemeenten in Nederland. Daarbij wordt gebruik gemaakt van cijfers van de EU 27-lidstaten, over de jaren 1980-2025. Het blijkt dat de meeste plattelandsgemeenten te maken krijgen met een situatie van bevolkingskrimp. Om de verwachte bevolkingsgroei in Nederland in een breder perspectief te zetten, besteedt deze studie ook aandacht aan prognoses voor de wereldbevolking en de bevolkingsontwikkeling in lidstaten en regio's van de EU. Bevolkingskrimp kan kansen bieden als bestuurders de demografische omslag erkennen en erop inspelen
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Metagenomic analysis of permafrost microbial community response to thaw
We employed deep metagenomic sequencing to determine the impact of thaw on microbial phylogenetic and functional genes and related this data to measurements of methane emissions. Metagenomics, the direct sequencing of DNA from the environment, allows for the examination of whole biochemical pathways and associated processes, as opposed to individual pieces of the metabolic puzzle. Our metagenome analyses revealed that during transition from a frozen to a thawed state there were rapid shifts in many microbial, phylogenetic and functional gene abundances and pathways. After one week of incubation at 5°C, permafrost metagenomes converged to be more similar to each other than while they were frozen. We found that multiple genes involved in cycling of C and nitrogen shifted rapidly during thaw. We also constructed the first draft genome from a complex soil metagenome, which corresponded to a novel methanogen. Methane previously accumulated in permafrost was released during thaw and subsequently consumed by methanotrophic bacteria. Together these data point towards the importance of rapid cycling of methane and nitrogen in thawing permafrost
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